Tromethamine (TRIS), with the molecular formula C4H11NO3, is a white crystalline or powdered substance. It has a melting point of 171-172℃ and a boiling point of 219-220℃/1.3kPa. It is soluble in ethanol and water, slightly soluble in ethyl acetate and benzene, and insoluble in ether and carbon tetrachloride. It has a corrosive effect on copper and aluminum and is irritating. Tromethamine (TRIS) is a sodium-free amino buffer alkali. It can react with water in body fluids, thereby reducing it. It is suitable for metabolic acidosis and also for respiratory acidosis. It is considered an ideal medication for patients with metabolic acidosis combined with acute respiratory acidosis.
Tromethamine (TRIS) is a sodium-free amino buffer alkali that combines with H2CO3 in body fluids to form bicarbonates. Therefore, it can buffer acids and reduce CO2 tension, providing a dual effect of correcting both acute respiratory acidosis and metabolic acidosis. Its action is faster and stronger than that of sodium bicarbonate. At pH7.4, Tromethamine (TRIS) has only 75% dissociation, and its undissociated part is highly lipid-soluble, easily passing through the blood-brain barrier and cell membranes to quickly exert its acid-buffering effect within cells, thus acting both intracellularly and extracellularly. Additionally, it is rapidly excreted in its original form through the urine (50%-70% within 24 hours), carrying out H and water, thus also having an alkalizing and osmotic diuretic effect on urine.
Tromethamine (TRIS) is used for acute metabolic acidosis and acute respiratory acidosis. Since it does not contain sodium, it is particularly suitable for patients with heart failure combined with acidosis. It is useful in the emergency treatment of hypothermic anesthesia, shock, and cardiac arrest. It can be used to treat ischemic intracellular acidosis after organ transplantation.
Generally, a 3.64% solution is infused. A 7.28% solution (i.e., 0.6M solution) can be diluted with an equal amount of 5%-10% glucose injection before use, or the 7.28% solution can be directly infused for patients with fluid restrictions.
Avoid extravasation during injection to prevent local necrosis.
It can significantly reduce alveolar ventilation, so oxygen must be administered simultaneously when used for respiratory acidosis.
Acidity can often be corrected within 30-40 minutes after injection, though improvement may take 4-6 hours in some cases.
Avoid excessive doses and rapid infusion.
Tromethamine (TRIS) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that can be used to alleviate pain after surgery or trauma in the short term. It can also relieve acute renal colic, biliary colic, trigeminal neuralgia, etc. Treatment for adults generally should not exceed five days. It is not typically used for treating mild or chronic pain. Diabetic patients may experience fructose intolerance and glucose-galactose malabsorption when using Tromethamine (TRIS). It is not recommended for use during breastfeeding. Thus, during medication, it is essential to drink plenty of water to accelerate the excretion of the drug through urine and avoid side effects.
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